URCA Articles
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Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
A neural network (often called an artificial neural network or ANN) is a computing model inspired by the human brain’s network of neurons. It consists of layers of interconnected nodes (“artificial neurons”) that process data and can learn to perform tasks by adjusting the connections (weights) between nodes. Neural networks “learn” from examples rather than…
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Algorithm
An algorithm is a precise, step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing a specific task in a finite number of steps. In essence, an algorithm is like a recipe or set of rules: given some input (data or initial conditions), it describes a sequence of operations that leads to a desired output or solution.…
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Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Definition and Scope of AI Artificial Intelligence (AI) broadly refers to the capability of machines or computer programs to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. In essence, AI involves the simulation of human cognitive processes by machines – enabling them to learn, reason, solve problems, perceive their environment, and make decisions in a way…
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CIA’s Use of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics: Past, Present, and Future
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has a long history of leveraging cutting-edge technology to advance its intelligence mission. From early Cold War spy gadgets and rudimentary AI experiments to today’s data-mining algorithms and drone fleets, the CIA has continually evolved its use of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. This comprehensive review examines the CIA’s past…
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AI and Robotics in the U.S. Marine Corps: MARSOC’s High-Tech “Devil Dogs”
The United States Marine Corps is undergoing a technological transformation, embracing artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics to enhance its warfighting capabilities. Nowhere is this more evident than in its elite Marine Forces Special Operations Command (MARSOC), where high-tech tools are augmenting the legendary prowess of the “Devil Dogs” – a nickname Marines earned during World…
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DataKind: Harnessing Data Science, AI, and Robotics for Social Impact
DataKind is a global nonprofit that brings together data scientists, engineers, and strategists to tackle society’s most pressing challenges. Since its founding in 2012, DataKind has partnered with governments, NGOs, and enterprises to deliver scalable, data-driven solutions, accelerating the maturity of “Data for Good” worldwide. The Intersection of AI and Robotics in 2025 Artificial intelligence…
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Robot
A robot is generally defined as a programmable machine capable of carrying out a series of actions automatically. Unlike simple machines, robots can be reprogrammed to perform different tasks and often operate with a degree of autonomy or responsiveness to their environment. The classic industry definition from the Robot Institute of America (1979) describes a…
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Domo Arigato, Mr. Roboto: Exploring the Legacy of Styx’s 1983 Techno-Rock Classic
Introduction: A Futuristic Anthem from 1983 In 1983, at the height of the Cold War and the dawn of the personal computer age, American rock band Styx released an unusual hit single titled “Mr. Roboto.” Decades later, this song remains a cultural touchstone – instantly recognizable for its Japanese chorus “Domo arigato, Mr. Roboto” –…
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Robots, Robotics, and the Law: A Global Perspective
Robots and automated systems are increasingly present in manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, homes, and even warfare. This proliferation raises complex legal questions around liability, intellectual property, privacy, labor, and ethics. Lawmakers and courts worldwide are grappling with how to adapt existing legal frameworks – or create new ones – to govern robots in a manner that…